Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.
Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots
But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;
Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots
Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind.
Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! - An ecstasy of fumbling,
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling,
And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime . . .
Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light,
As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.
In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,
He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.
If in some smothering dreams you too could pace
Behind the wagon that we flung him in,
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,
His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin;
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory,
The old Lie: Dulce et Decorum est
Pro patria mori.
Owen's poem is depressing because of the pointlessness of the suffering
- Horace says that it is "sweet and honorable" to die for your country (though he knew something of war and suffering himself)
- Owen says the cost is too high, and leaves you feeling the pain without any hint of a purpose.
See also Auden's "Shield of Achilles"
"Out of the air a voice without a face
proved by statistics that some cause was just
in tones asa dry and level as the place"
- and -
"Barbed wire enclosed an arbitrary spot "
Tennyson's "Charge of the Light Brigade"
Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do and die.
Paul will express realistic suffering as well, but with a completely different tone
Paul's suffering wasn't minor.
"we are afflicted in every way" - everything that can be against him seems to be (including the Corinthians).
"perplexed" - indicates unknowns, things that attack hope.
"persecuted"
"struck down"
"always carrying about in the body the dying of Jesus"
"we who live are constantly being delivered over to death for Jesus' sake"
Paul viewed suffering as part of ministry.
Paul's suffering is associated with the suffering of Christ.
He speaks of his life/suffering as 'carrying about the dying of Jesus'
He speaks of himself as continuing this suffering in Col 1:24
Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I do my share on behalf of His body, which is the church,
in filling up what is lacking in Christ's afflictions
Also recall Christ's words to him in Acts "Saul, Saul, Why are you persecuting *me*". (Acts 9:4)
Specifically, we're talking about suffering for the Gospel in this context.
Paul continues the topic into Chap 5, and what he says there applies to all suffering (for the Gospel or just part of life).
But here, this seems to be suffering for the Gospel.
"God loves you and has a wonderful plan for your life"
Christianity != Ease, Acceptance, and Luxury
We fill churches today with people expecting self help, help with emotional problems, or financial success.
Lonely? Come to church.
It is true that Christainity is a foil to many of life's problems, and does offer extraordinary immediate benefit.
But Paul's description of his ministry makes it hard to hold the belief that Christianity means "easy living".
What is God's "Wonderful plan for your life?"
Being a part of the revelation of "the Light of the knowledge of the glory of God"
Be ready to suffer.
Suffering was part of Christ's life.
Suffering was part of Paul's life.
Suffering is part of our lives.
Christianity is sold by the Bible as requiring you to lay down your life.
"Take up your cross" matt 10:38
Don't let yourself slip into selfishness.
Why is Paul talking about suffering here??
1. Removes 'selfish gain' as a motive
1rst part of outline, "Paul Defends his minsitry"...
2. Pushes Corinthians towards maturity.
Paul is laying out Christian maturity and ministry.
He wants the Corinthians to be like himself ('imitate me as i imitate Christ' declared twice in 1 cor (4:16, 11:2)
Note that in 4, Paul has just finished talking about his suffering...(4:8-16)
Should we seek suffering?
1. We are never told to seek suffering in the Bible.
2. We are told to be Christlike in it.
The constant admonition of the Bible is to be Christlike despite circumstances.
"pearl of great price", etc in matt 13 - give everything for salvation
Suffering can be part of communicating the "light of the knowledge of the glory of God"
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Success (from 4:1-6) is communicating "the Light of the knowledge of the glory of God"...
To Paul, suffering can be a way of doing that.
1. Suffering can show that the Gospel is about the power of God not of man.
v7 "we have this treasure in earthen vewssels, so that the surpassing greatness
of the power will be of God and not of ourselves"
2. Suffering results in life in others.
"So death works in us, but life in you" v12
afflicted...but not crushed.
perplexed, but not despairing
persecuted, but not forsaken
struck down, but not destroyed
Paul's faith in God is unshaken.
Faith is embracing truth - Paul remains confident of God's love despite circumstances (and with good reason).
May we remain encouraged in our hardships.